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4 She'ets--Sheet 1. H. RICHMOND.

APPARATUS FOR DYBING, SGOURING, BLEAGHING, AND OTHERWISE TREATING YARN IN OOPS.

No. 372,768. I Patented Nov. 8, 1887.

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J W L oh-rwncg (Nb Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. RICHMOND. APPARATUS FOR DYEING, SGOURING, BLEAGHING, AND OTHERWISE TREATING. YARN IN OOPS.

No. 372, 7, Patented Nov. 8, 1887.

Wiinsses: .Evuenim (No Model.) I 4 Sheets-Shed 3.

' H. RICHMOND.

APPARATUS FOR DYEING, SOOURING, BLEAGHING, AND OTHERWISE TREATING YARN IN OOPS.

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fiwn/ 6mm,

( N0Mo d'e1.) 4Sheet's Sheet 4.

H. RICHMOND.-

APPARATUS'FOR DYEING, SOOURING, BLEAUHING, AND OTHERWISE TREATING YARN IN GOPS.

No. 372,768. I Patented Nov. 8, 1887.

m acg 11% N. pn'zns. Halo-Lithographer. W-uhillglam n, c.

NITED TATES.

HOWVARD RICHMOND, OF PROVIDElYOE, RHODE ISLAND.

APPARATUS FOR DYEING, SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND OTHERWISE TREATING YARN IN COPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 372,768, dated November 8, 1887.

I Application filed August 30, 1887. Serial N0 24' fi52- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HOWARD RICHMOND, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Providence, county of Providence, and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing, Securing, Bleaching, and Otherwise Treating Yarn in Cops, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention is of general applicability in dyeing, mordanting, bleaching, steaming, scouring, washing, drying, or otherwise treating yarns of cotton, silk, wool, worsted, or other animal or vegetable fiber, in the form of cops, or in kindred compact forms, by either sucking or forcing liquid dyes, or other liquids used in dyeing, moi-danting, bleaching, scouring, steaming, or otherwise treating the cops, through the cops when mounted upon hollow perforated tubes, skewers, or injection spindles, which extend respectively through the cops and render every portion of each cop subject to the action of said liquids.

The foregoing operations broadly as such, and as separately conducted in the same or in different machines, are not novel with me, and attempts have heretofore been made, thereby, to practically dye, bleach, and otherwise treat, cotton and other yarns in cop and other compact forms. So far, however, as my knowledge extends, the practice has never been practically or successfully conducted upon a commercial scale, until the date of an invention made by one August Graemiger, a citizen of the Republic of Switzerland, application for patent for which was filed in the United States Patent Office upon April 14th, 1887,

Wise treating yarns of various kinds in cop and other compact forms, is the provision of means whereby all of the cops composing any given series or succession, regular or irregular, of cops or of tiers or groups of cops, may, in the selected series or succession, as to each cop, tier or group, successively, but as to the entire series or succession of given cops, tiers, or groups, eollectively,be contemporaneously or simultaneously subjected each to its appropriate step of the contemporaneouslyconducted successive steps composing the selected process, of any one of which processes, however, continuity of operation in a greater or a less degree, is the especial desideratum and the salient characteristic.

To the foregoing ends the said Graemigers said invention embraces apparatus having the capacity for performing or carrying out any one of several cognate processes or methods of treatment of yarn in cops or kindred compact forms, and apparatus, moreover, so constituted as to be readily convertible into, or applicable for use as, any one of several cognate yet distinct devices, respectively susceptible of the performance of a particular kind of work, that is to say of the practice of some one of the said several cognate processes, hereinafter mentioned, all of which, as processes or modes of treatment, are novel with Graemiger.

Broadly stated,Graemigers aforesaid invention, so far as processes are concerned, as applied to dyeing, mordanting, bleaching, scouring, steaming, washing, or otherwise similarly treating by theimpregnation ofliquids, yarn in cops, comprehends, first, the contemporaneous but distributive subjection of the cops composing aseries,each in turn to its appropriate step of the following contemporaneously-condueted successive steps or operations, namely: first, saturation or impregnation by sucking or forcing the selected liquids through given cops; and, second, substitution of fresh cops to be charged for given charged cops.

Similarly, also, Graemigers invention, as applied to the operations of impregnation above mentioned, comprehends, second, the subjection of the copsin the manner above stated, to the following successive steps or operations: first, saturation or impregnation by sucking or forcing the selected liquid through given cops; second, liquid-exhaustion by foreing or sucking air or other suitable fluid through given charged cops; and, third, substitution of cops to be charged and liquid-exhausted forgiven charged and liquidexhausted cops.

Similarly, again, Graemigers invention as applied to exhausting surplus liquid from charged cops, comprehends, third, the subjection of cops, in the manner above stated, to the following successive steps or operations: first, liquid-exhaustion by forcing or sucking air or other suitable fluid through the cops; second, substitution of cops to be liquid-ex hausted for given liquid-exhausted cops.

Similarly, again, as applied to operations of dyeing with easily oxidizable liquid dyes, Graemigers invention comprehends, fourth and fifth,the subjection of the cops in the manner above stated with reference to the first two operations which involve impregnation with liqnids,-and in connection either with the two steps of saturation and substitution which are involved in the practice of the first of his foregoing processes, or else in connection with the three steps of saturation,liqnidexhaustion, and substitution which are involved in the second of his foregoing processes,to a preliminary step of air-exhaustion before saturation or impregnation proper, by sucking or forcing air from out given cops to be charged or saturated.

Graemigers invention f urther comprehends apparatus for conveniently effectuating the five several processes which respectively rcside in the practice of the foregoing respect ively recited connected steps or operations, the salient characteristic of which is that it is a rotary apparatus the cop carrier of which rotates referably to a fixed tank and the mouths of certain conduits.

In order that. the apparatus which Graemiger devised for the purpose of carrying into operation any one of the above mentioned processes or methods of treatment may be understood, as it is important thatitshould be understood in order thatthe distinctions between it and my apparatus, which is designed to effectuate the same processes or methods of treatment, may become apparent,it is proper to state briefly that Graemigers machine comprehcnds: first, a fixed tank, vat, or other recipient, for containing a given quantity of liquid coloring matter or other preferred liquid, and for subserving the purposes of a framework to the machine as an entirety; second, a carrier body which, referably to the fixed tank and the rotating cop carrier, is simply a fixed device conveniently subserving the double purpose, first, of being a fixed body with reference to which the cop carrier has rotary movement, and, second, of being a body containing or embodying, or of being a supporting device serving conveniently to present to the perforations in the cop carrier, the months or chambers of the conduits; third, arotatable cop carrier, or device which carries the cops, which is perforatcd referably to the points of and means for attachment of said cops, and has such rotary movementrefcrably to the carrier body and to the tank that its perforations are in predetermined continuing sequence placed in communication, preferably through perforated injection spindles, with the axial apertures of the cops on the one hand and with the conduit months on the other; fourth, a charging eonduit in exterior communication with asuction or pressure pump, and interiorly or as to its mouth, conveniently through the intermediation of the carrier body, in communication for the time being with given perforations in the cop carrier; fifth, a liquid-exhausting conduit in exterior communication with a suction or pressure pump, and interiorly or as to its mouth,conveniently also through the intermediation of the carrier body, in communication for the timebeing with other given perforations in the cop carrier; sixth, an air-exhaustingconduit in exterior communication with a suction or pressure pump, and interiorly or as to its mouth, conveniently also through the intermediation of the carrier body, in communication for the time being with other given perforations in the cop carrier.

Graemigers machine also comprehends the employment of a dead face or blank space formed upon ,or embodied in the carrier body, which, however, as a specific device, I prefer not to employ.

Of the foregoing apparatus of Graemiger, the tank, the perforated cop carrier, the charging conduit, theliquid-exhausting conduit, the air-exhausting conduit, and,as a device of convenience merely, for the purpose of con veniently presenting to given perforations of the cop carrier the mouths of said conduits, and as a device, moreover, with reference to which the cop carrier is conveniently arranged to rotate,the carrier body, are the vital members, elements, or instrumontalities.

In order to understand the operation of the said Graemiger apparatus,itissuilicient to add that the cop carrier rotates relatively to the tank and the carrier body in such manner as, during a part of its rotation, to occasion the immersion in liquid in the tank of cops carried by it, and also, during a further part of its rotation, the presentation of its perforations with reference to which the cops are secured to it, to the mouths of the conduits.

The machine which I have invented, and which is represented in the accompanying drawings, is to be contradistingnished from the Graemiger machine referred to essentially in the fact that its cop carrier is of such construction and general organization as to be adapted to be vibrated, oscillated, rocked, or see-sawed, as opposed to being rotated or moved in a circular plane.

My machine which, as stated, equally with Graemigcrs, is adapted to effectuate the process which comprises charging and substitution,-or the process which comprises charging, liquid-exhaustion, and substitution,0r the process which comprises liquid exhaustion and substitution,-or the process which comprises air-exhaustion, dyeing, and sub stitution, or the process which comprises airexhaustion, dyeing, liquid-exhaustion, and substitution,-'is of the following construction, and comprehends all of the elements which are necessary to the conduct or practice of any one of the foregoing processes,and consequently of that one which involves the greatest number of steps,although, as is hereinafter explained, in the practice of snchof the processes as involve the lesser number of steps, certain of the elements of the said apparatus are inert or for the time being thrown out of action.

Apparatus conveniently embodying my invention, and adapted to effectuate the separate practice of any one, and,consequently of all, of the processes invented by'Graemiger and hereinbefore referred to, is represented in the accompanying drawings and described in this specification, the particular subject matterclaimed as novel being hereinafter definitely In the drawings, Figure 1 is a top plan view of a convenient and cheap form of the entire apparatus. Fig. 2 a face elevational view ofthe same, sectional in planes of the dotted line 0-0 of Fig. 1, and sight being taken in the direction of the arrows upon said line. Fig. 3 is an end elevational view of the apparatus represented in Figs. 1 and 2, section being supposed in planes of the dotted line av-x of Fig. 2, and sight beingtakenin the direction of the arrows upon said line. Fig. 4 is a face elevational View of the carrier body detached from the tank and Fig. 5 is a longitudinal central sectional view of the cop carrier, in the plane of the dotted line.yy of Fig. 2, and sight being taken in the direction of the arrows upon said line. Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 represent a ma chine embodying a modified form of cop carrier. Figs. 6, '7, and 8 correspond essentially to Figs. 1, 2, and 3; Fig. 9 corresponds to Fig. 4, and Fig. 10 is a plan of the modified form of cop carrier.

bimilar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring now to Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, of the drawings,A is a tank or fixed receiving vessel, preferably of such form and strength as to itself constitute or act as the frame-work of the entire apparatus, that is to say as a frame-work with reference to which the cop carrier has vibratory movement and the car rier body and conduits are fixed.

B is what I term the carrier body, it being, referably to the fixed tank and vibratory cop carrier, simply a fixed device conveniently subserving the double purpose, first, of being a fixed body with reference to which the cop carrier vibrates or rocks, and, second, of being a body containing or embodying, or of being a supporting device serving conveniently to present the wing-orifices of and thereby to the perforations in the cop carrier, the months or chambers of the active conduits. The carrier body is preferably a casting of the form shown in Fig. 4, the front face of which, or carrier body proper, is a fiat circular plane conveniently surrounded by a flanged rim b, from which projects a eylindriform axial stud or gudgeon I) upon which the cop carrier is fulcrumed for its vibratory movement. This carrier body is supported in a vertical or approximately vert-ical plane against the rear wall of the tank in any preferred manner, but conveniently by body tubes 0 b and I) If, cast integral with or applied to it, and being in effect respectively continnations of. the respective conduits the inner extremities of which are conveniently screwed into them. For afurther convenience of application, these body tubes are connected or stayed by a fiat web or base If, preferably cast integral with them and adapted to bebolted to the rear wall of the tank. The body tube 1) and the body tube 12 are each. as shown in the drawings, conveniently extended, oblong, or made of considerable length, while the body tubes 1) and b are small and cylindric.

D is a charging conduit, preferably fixedly connected with the tank by being passed through an aperture in its rear wall, and threaded into, or otherwise permanently and integrally connected with, the body tube 72, as shown in the drawings. This charging conduit leads to, or is exteriorly in direct communication with, a suction or pressure pump of any preferred character, which is adapted cit-her to suck or to force any desired liquid through said conduit, for the saturation, impregnation, or charging of given cops.

E is a liquid-exhausting conduit, preferably also fixedly connected with the tank by being passed through an aperture in its rear wall and threaded into, or otherwise permanently and interiorly connectedwith, the body tube b. This liquid-exhausting conduit leads to, or is exteriorly in direct communication with, a suction or pressure pump of any preferred character, which is adapted either to suck or to force air, or other fluid employed as a liquid-exhausting medium, through said liquidexhausting conduit.

I have not represented in the drawings the pumps referred to, for the reason thatit is notnecessary to an understanding of theinvention, the pumps being simply, as stated, of any preferred and well' known character, and there being no connections other than those which a competent mechanic would naturally employ.

The flanged disk which constitutes the carrier body proper, has cut through its substance certain slots, holes, orifices, or other openings, preferably formed in its casting, which open respectively into the respective body tubes, and constitute circumfcrentially distributed chambers, depressions, or compartments, each independent of the other.

circumference.

The principal chambers in the carrier body represented are the charging chamber d and the liquid exhausting chamber e,-the said chambers beingthe terminal portions or months respectively of the charging conduit and of the liquid-exhausting conduit.

The charging chamber and the liquid-er hausting chamber are each in form oblong horizontal slots, respectively backed by the respeetive body tubes 1) and b, disposed parallel with each other, and each arranged to centrally bisect the vertical diameter of the carrierbody, and to be located at equal radial distances from the center of said body, the onenear the upper and the other near the lower portion of its The charging chamber, is, in the mounting of the carrier body, the chamber lowermost within the tank, while the liquidexhausting chamber is the uppermost. E E a re air-exhausting chambers, being each a preferably circular small opening through the front face and substance of the carrier body, in conr munication respectively with the body tubes b b. These chambers are located in the line u of the horizontal diameter of the carrier body,

at equal opposite radial distances from its center, and in the neighborhood of its circumference. These chambers, being respectively laterally intermediate between the charging and the liquidexhausting chambers are respectively, conveniently through the intermediation of their respective body tubes I) I)", in communication with airexhausting conduits c 0 leadingto and exteriorly in communication with a suction or air-pump adapted to suck air through said air-exhausting conduits for the air-exhaustion of the cops.

The pump employed for the air-exhaustion may be the identical pump employed in connection with the liquid-exhausting conduit.

Each one of the foregoing four chambers is distinct from and unconnected with any one of the other three, and all of said chambers are as stated, in eli'cct, sunken depressions, re cesses, or depressed compartments in, or in fact openings through, the front face of the zarrier body between its peripheral edge and its center.

The boundaries or divisions between the foregoing chambers are the unchambered or unrecessed portions of the level front face of the carrier body, against which face the cop carrier is mounted for its vibratory movement.

As this machine as shown in the drawings, is not constructed to embody a dead face proper, that is to say a dead face area strictly as such, the solitary function of which it is to be simply a fixed blank surface, open space, or open or closed blank chamber, formed upon or embodied in the carrier body, and so located as to act in connection with cops above the level of the liquid in the tank to permit of their being replaced by other cops,-it is proper to explain that, in this machine, I employ the mouth of the liquid-exhausting conduit to fulfill the functions of Graemigers dead face per se, and for such purpose to operate in connection with the cop carrier, it being manifestly apparent that it is possible to perform the operation of substituting fresh or untreated cops for charged and liquid-exhausted cops, while a wing orifice registers over the mouth of the liquid-exhausting conduit, and even while the pump in exterior communication with said conduit is in action, as the continued operation of said pump cannot prevent the operation of substitution.

F is a transversely extending dye-slot channeled out of the front face of the carrier body between the air-exhausting chambers and the charging chamber. This slot, which in the mounting of the carrier body, lies considerably below the level of the liquid, is open at its peripheral extremities so as to be constantly full of the liquid in the tank, which serves as a liquid packing between the charging and the air exhausting chambers and between the charging and the liquid-exhausting chambers. This slot is of especial importance in the op eration of dyeing with indigo white solution, and serves as a safeguard to prevent suction of air by the charging pump when employed as a. suction device,which is its preferable cmployment,from the air-exhausting or the liquidexhausting chambers into the charging chamber. Of course, if it were possible to maintain under continuing wear a perfect fit of the cop carrier upon the carrier body, that is to say a fit so close that no air could get between them, this slot would not be important; but as in practice, even with the best construc tion and most careful adjustment to compensate for wear, interspaces do come to exist between the body and the carrier, this slot, containing, as it does, liquid packing, becomes of importance as a safeguard to the charging chamber in the practice of indigo dyeing, in which operation it is essential to prevent the suction of the charging pump from sucking air, through theinterspacesbetween the body and the carrier, from the liquid-exhausting and air-exhausting chambers into the charging chamber, with the result of oxidizing the indigo, depositing thcinsoluble indigotine, clogging the fibers of the cops, andpreventing the effectual circulation of the dyestuffs through said cops. In other words, in indigo dyeing, this slot opens a free passage for the whitcindigo solution in the tank to permeate through the crevices or interspaces between the carrier and the body, into the charging chamber, and by its presence to fill said interspaccs and exclude the entrance or passage of air. This slot is also of advantage, in that, as there is always, when the exhausting pump is used as a suction device, a rarefied condition or vacuum pressurein the liquid-exhausting chamber and interspaees between the carrier and the body in the area between the charging and liquidexhausting chambers, its absence would permit of the drawing of the dyestuff from the charging chamber into the liquid-exhausting chamber, a thing undesirablein practice. This slot is but a modified form of the dye-slots set forth and claimed in Graemigers application for patent referred to.

Having now described the construction of the carrier-body, and how that it is a convenient device for the purpose of conveniently presenting to given perforations of the cop carrier the terminal portion or mouth of the charging conduit, the terminal portion or mouth of the liquid-exhausting conduit, and the terminal portion or mouth of the air-exhausting conduit,and adevice, moreover, with reference to which the carrier is conveniently arranged to oscillate, vibrate, or rock, 0 is the cop carrier, composed essentially of a central portion or hub axially apertured to fit itupon the gudgeon b of the carrier body, and preferably provided with a pair of oppo sitely projected hollow radial extensions or wings 0 of any preferred form, but conveniently of that represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5, which possess a considerable face area, and are as to said area provided with perforations 0 passing through from said face into their hollow interiors, the office of which is to permit the passage of impregnating liquid or exhausting fluid to or from cops 05 applied to the exterior face of said wings of the carrier and as to their hollow cores in communication with said perforations.

The perforations may be of any desired form. Those shown are simply holes 0 through the cop carrier which are conveniently externally threaded to receive hollow nipples, fitted to receive removable perforated injection tubes H thrust through cops, and conveniently of a construction invented by me and constituting the subjcct-matter of an application for patent filed by me February 8, 1887, as Serial No. 226,909. Instead, how ever,ofemploying these nipples the injection tubes, or the cops themselves, may be adapted to be fitted directly to the perforations.

The hollow wings, being but portions of the carrier proper, may assume any desired form, they being conveniently, however, of the fiat form represented in, Figs. 1, 2, '8, and 5, and erected edgewise from the extremities of hollow wing tubes c", which serve not only as supporting devices but also as contrivances by the aid of which the hollow interiors of the win-gs are placed in communication with outlets, inner-openings, or, as I term them, wing orifices 0 which open through the rear face of the hub of the cop carrier as shown in Fig. 5, and are in line upon opposite sides of the diameter of said hub. The diametric distance apart of these wing orifices exactly corresponds to the radial distance apart of the two air-' exhausting chambers, and also to the radial distance apart of diagonally opposite extremities of the oblong slots which form the respective charging and liquid-exhausting chambers.

The cop carrier is maintained against the face of the carrier body conveniently by means of a nut b applied to the threaded extremity of the gudgeon b and the rear face of the hub from its inside face and adapted to a cylindrif form aperture, or hub, so to speak, formed within the carrier body. It is also apparent that the cop carrier may be formed to surround the carrier body being mounted upon its peripheral surface.

I are screens applied to both extremities of the wings of the cop carrier, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in such manner as to have forward projection exceeding that of the applied cops. These screens are preferably formed with angular or beveled faces, and they serve to take up collect or put aside the scum accumulating on the surface of the liquid in the tank, and thus to keep it off of the cops both as the latter are immersed in and as they emerge from the liquid. These screens as applied to a cop carrier are the invention of the aforesaid August Graemiger.

Vibration, rocking, or oscillation may be imparted to the cop carrier in any convenient manner. A good way is to provide the carrier with a hand lever J, Fig. 2, by the simple movement of which from side to side, and until, for instance, it encounters a restj, one of which is applied to each side of the tank, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2,--the cop carrier can be vibrated to the limit of its desired throw in either direction.

I do not, of course, restrict myself to the employment of the lever referred to, but contemplate imparting. movement to the carrier by any suitable contrivanee, as, for instance, by the application of a crank-provided pinion adapted to engage with a circular rack applied to the cop carrier.

Such being a description of a preferred form of apparatus embodying my invention, its operation may be described as follows:Assun1 ing the pumps operated as suction devices,the following is a description of the operation of my improved apparatus in carrying out the process of charging, impregnation or saturation, liquid-exhaustion, and substitution of charged and liquid-exhausted cops for fresh or untreated cops to be charged and liquidexhausted,an operation itself a type of all the others. The desired liquid is introduced into the tank to about the level represented in Figs. 2 and 3, that is to say to a level considerably above the level of the dye slot F, and also sufficiently above that of the airexhausting chambers to permit of the complete immersion of all of the cops of a given carrier wing, when the wing orifice of said wing is in registry with the air-exhausting chamber in connection with which said wing orifice operates. The charging pump is conveniently provided with a return pipe so as to return to the tank as much of the liquid employed as is not absorbed by or does not remain in the cops, the liquid being thereby in constant circulation from the tank to the pump and from the pump back to the tank or vice versa. In other words, a constant circulation takes place through both the charging pump and the cops, and the liquid in the tank is reduced only by such quantity of liquids as remains in the cops. The reduction, however, when carried to an extent aiTecting the normal level of the supply of dye-stuff to the tank, is to be compensated for and the level maintained by fresh supplies. The machine, being supposed unprovided with cops, the carrier is vibrated until one of its wings is raised and the other lowered to the full limitof their respectir e oscillatorythrows, or until said wings relatively occupy the positions represented respectively in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. The perforations of the wing of the cop carrier which has been raised, being,therefore, above the level of the liquid in the tank, and the wing orifice of said wing being in registry with one extremity of the liquid exhausting chamber, as shown in Fig. 2,--a cop is byan attendant supplied to each of the aforesaid perforations, and the said carrier is then, by the operation of the hand lever, caused to descend to the full limit of its path of movement, that is to a sufficient distance to occasion the complete immersion of the group of cops so applied and the presentation of the wing orifice of the carrier wing to which they are applied to the charging chamber. The pump in connection with said charging chamher being, as is preferred, in operation as a suction pump, thereupon through the aforesaid charging conduit, charging chamber, wing orifice, wing tube, and perforations of the earrier wing in question,sucks enough oftheliquid contained in the tank through the substance of each of the cops to occasion the saturation and the complete impregnation with said liquid of the threads composing each of said cops. Vhile the charging pump is acting upon the immersed group of cops referred to, the other wing of the cop carrier will be above the level of the liquid in the tank, its wing orifice will be in registry with the liquid-exhausting chamber, and the attendant will be supplying to the perforations of said elevated wing a set of fresh or untreated cops to be charged. So soon as he has done this, a re verse deflection of the hand lever will occasion the reverse vibration or oscillation of the cop carrier as an entirety, the descent and immersion of the wing carrying the unimpregnated cops, applied while said wing was above the level of the liquid, and the registry of its wing orifice with the charging chamber,and also the simultaneous ascent of the carrier wing first considered with its charged cops, until its wing orifice registers a second time with the liqiud-exhausting chamber, so that the said charged cops are subjected to theaction of the pump in connection with said liquid-exhausting chamber so as to be liquid-exhausted of such surplus liquid as they contain at the time of their emergence from the liquid in the tank. So soon as this operation of liquid-exhaustion has been performed upon them, the charged and liquid-exhausted cops of the wing first considered are removed by an attendant and their places supplied by fresh or untreated cops; after which a further re-reverse deflection of the hand lever will occasion the second descent of the wing first considered with its newly applied group of untreated cops, and the first ascent of the wing second considered with its charged cops until the latter are above the level of the liquid, and until the wing orifice of the wing to which they are applied is in registry with the liquidexhausting chamber so that the cops may be liquid-exhausted, after which they are removed and a further group of fresh or untreated cops applied to said second wing which is then by a redefiection of the hand lever actuated to its second descent.

A continuance more or less rapid of the foregoing operation constitutes a practice of that process of which liquid-exhaustion, impregnation, and substitution, are the steps, and which, as an entirety, is perhaps the most important process which my machine is adapted to effectuate.

In considering the foregoing movement it will be observed that each wing orifice operates in connection with a corresponding or adjacent extremity of both the charging and the liquidexhausting chambers. Thus, the orifice of the left hand wing of Fig. 2 operates in connection with the left hand extremity of both the charging and the liquid-exhausting chambers, while the orifice of the right hand wing similarly operates in connection with the right hand extremities of said respective chambers.

In the rocking of the carrier, it willalso be observed, that its wing orifices respectively sweep past the respectiveair-exhausting chambers, the left hand orifice passing both in its upward and downward movement into and out of registry with the left hand air-exhaust ing chamber E while the right hand wing orifice performs a similar movement with respect to the right hand air-exhausting chamber E.

lVhen liquid-exhaustion is not desired, or is intended to be performed in a separate ma chine, the liquid-exhausting chamber is cut off, and the liquid exhausting pump or pumps thrown out of action; whereupon the above described operation becomes simply an opera tion of chargin and cop-replacin IIO LII

I prefer, as stated, to conduct the foregoing operation by sucking both the charging liquid and then the surplus liquid from the outer surfaces of the cops inward, but it is obvious that the same-result can be secured by forcing impregnating liquid and liquid-exhausting fluid from the core of the cops outwardly to their surfaces. I prefer, also, to use pumps, strictly as such, to force or such the liquids and fluids utilized, but any other forcing or liquid-exhausting devices may be employed in the stead of pumps, and I therefore herein use the word pump generically.

When easily oxidizable liquid dies, such for instance, as indigo white solution, are employed in indigo dyeing, it is important to keep air out of the solution to prevent its combining with the white indigo to form insoluble indigotine, and therefore it is of advantage to extract or exhaust the air from the cops before subjecting them to the action of the charging conduit; because otherwise, the insoluble indigotine being sucked or forced into the cops by the action of the charging pump, would clog their fibers and prevent the proper ci rculation of the dye-stuff through said cops in the operation of charging proper. This I conveniently accomplish by the aid of the air-exhausting chambers E E and their pump referred to,-the wing orifices of the respective wings coming, in their path of movement, respectively into and out of registry with saidchambers as the carrier is caused to vibrate to occasion the complete immersion first of one wing with its applied cops and then ofthe other,the said copsv being thereby subjected to the action of the air-exhausting pump both as they descend into the liquid in the tank and as they ascend from out it. This subjection to such action as the cops descend, occurs before the cops of the wing descending are subjected to the action of thecharging pump, by the registry of the orifice of the wing to which theyare applied with said charging chamber. The importance of the air-exhaustion is only as the untreated cops are descending to be charged, and its action upon the charged cops is of nomoment, it being only, in effect, an

action of liquidexhaustion 'to a very slight degree,as, of course, the wing orifices are but for a very short-time in registry with the respective air-exhausting chambers.

It will be apparent that in conducting the foregoing operating of air-exhaustion the cops will become more or less filled with theindigo solution. The period during which a given wing orifice presents over its air-exhausting chamber is, however, in the movement of the carrier, so limited that no impregnation saturation or charging proper, in the sense of a thorough circulation of liquids through the cops, takes place; and the operation of airexhanstion is not, therefore, one of charging or saturation in the sense in which those terms are, in this specification, employed as applied to the operations conducted through the medium of the charging chamber by the action of the charging pump. Such of the dye-stuff, moreover, as is, by the operation of the airexhausting pump, drawn through the cops and into the air-exhausting chambers, and as has become oxidized, is not, as is apparent, admitted into the tank at all, but is drawn off to the airexhausting pump, from which, in practice, it is discharged into a special vessel and deoxidized before being again supplied to the tank.

The air-exhausting chambers may be employed either with or without the liquid-exhausting chamber.

In order to employ my apparatus for scouring, bleaching, steaming, inordanting, or washing yarn in cops, it is apparent that it will be only'necessary to supply the desired bleaching or other selected liquid to the tank and charging pump, and to repeat in connection with such liquid the operation already described.

If desired, the liquid-exhausting pump can be replaced by an injector or kindred device employed to inject steam through the cops, or the appartaus being placed in a hot chamber the liquidexhausting pump may be used to exhaust or draw hot air through them.

Such being a description ofapreferred form of apparatus adapted to effectuate my invention, it will be apparent that it is adapted for the practice of any one of the five processes invented by Graemiger, to which I have hereinbefore referred. Thus, by throwing the pump or pumps operating in connection with the airexhansting and the liquid-exhausting conduits, entirely out of action, the process of dyeing, scouring, bleaching, or otherwise treating the cops by impregnation of a selected liquid, and of replacing the impregnated cops with others to be.impregnated,can be practiced. Thus, again, by shutting off the airexhausting chambers from communication with their pnm p, the operation of charging or saturation with liquid, liquidexhausting, and

substitution of, or replacing, the cops, can be performed. It is to be remarked that the foregoing operation ean, in fact-,be performed without discontinuingthe operation of air-exhaustion, inasmuch as the said operation, although inert for useful purposes in any operation except that of indigo dyeing, is harmless in any other operation involving saturation. Thus, again, by throwing the charging pump out of operation or by shutting off the charging conduit from communication with said pump, and by removing all liquid from the tank, which in such case becomes simply a fixed supporting framework, the operation of liquid-exhausting cops which have been in any other machine impregnated with the desired liquid, and of replacing said liquid-exhausted cops with fresh cops to be liquidexhausted, can be performed. Thus, again, by shutting off the liquid-exhausting chamber from communication with theliquidexhausting pump, the oporation of air-exhaustion, impregnation, and substitution of cops can be performed. lThus, finally, all of the conduits being in communi cation with their respective pumps, either the operation of airexhaustion, impregnation, liquidexhaustion, and substitution of cops; or, the liquid-exhausting pump being out of action, the foregoing operation, omitting the step of liquid-exhaustion, can be performed either with readily oxidizable liquid dye stuffs in the operation of dyeing, or with any desired liquid in any selected operation involving saturation of the cops.

The best results are obtained by employing both the liquidexhausting and the charging pumps as suction pumps, and by operating an independent pump (although the liquidexhausting pump may be used) as a suction pump to perform, when desired, the work of air-exhaustion.

In Figs. 6, 7, S, 9, and 10, of the drawings I have represented a machine embodying the same essential features of construction andoperation as the machine above described,the difference being essentially in the direction of application of the wings to the cop carrier,- the said wings being applied flatwise, or in a plane parallel with the plane of an extended diameter of the cop carrier longitudinally bisecting said wings, as opposed to being applied edgewlse as in the case of' the machine first represented and described. The construction that I have first described is however such as I prefer, although it is apparent that a skillful mechanic can greatly modify the special form, construction, and special relative arrangement of the essential elements of my invention, namely, the tank, the vibratory cop carrier, the carrier body, and the various conduits,-my invention being broad enough to comprehend other applications of a vibratory or oscillatory cop carrier with respect to a fixed tank and the months or terminal portions of conduits such as are set forth. 'lhus, again, while it is essential, when charging, either alonc or in connection with other operations, is a step of the process for the time being under practice, that a charging conduit should act to conduct liquids to or from given wing orifices of" the cop carrier, in communication, as stated, with given cops,and that a liquidexhausting conduit, when liquid-exhaustion, either alone or in connection with charging, is a step of the process for the time under practice, should similarly act to conduct air to or from given cops,it is immaterial through the medium of what form of discharging orifice, mouth, or other aperture adapted to register or align itself for the time being with said wing orifices, such conduit or conduits do so act. 'lhus, finally, while I pre fer to apply the cops to the cop carrier by applying them to extensions, or wings as I call them, supported from the central hub portion of the carrier proper, it is apparent that they may be otherwise applied. The wings are simply convenient devices the use of which avoids so low a level of liquid in the tank as would be imperative were the cops applied closer to the axis of the carrier; and they are, moreover, contrivances ofsueh character that, if d csired, they may be made bodily removable for the application and removal of the cops or for repairs, and such as to also afford a greater surface area for perforations and pcrmit of a reduction in thickness of the carrier proper and carrier body. As stated, however, the wings may assume various forms, it being of the gist of the invention, however, that they should be hollow or chambered integral portions of the carrier perforated for the application of the cops, and in communication each as to its hollowinteriors with a wing orifice formed in the central portion of the carrier proper and adapted to register with the conduit months.

It is proper for me to state that I do not broadly claim a flat or disk-like carrier body against the face of which a correspondingly flat or disk-like cop carrier, having perforations directly through it, rotates, as such special construction is of the invention of the said Gracmiger.

Having thus described my invention,I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:-

1. In an apparatus of the class herein recited, in combination,a cop carrier adapted to be vibrated, oscillated, or rocked,a fixed carrier body with reference to which the cop carrier has 1novemcnt,and suitable means for im )arting to said carrier a vibratory, oscillatory, or rocking movement referably to said carrier body,-substantially as set forth.

2. In an apparatus of" the class herein recited, the combination,of a cop carrier which is provided with oppositely applied hollow wings or extensions, and which is adapted to be vibrated oscillated or rocked,a carrier body containing or embodying the mouths of fixed conduits, referably to which the carrier is adapted to be vibrated, oscillated, or rocked,-a tank or frame-work referably to which the carrier body and conduits are fixed,and means for vibrating, oscillating, or rocking the carrier,-substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a machine of the class herein recited, the eombination,-of a cop carrier to which are applied two diametrically opposite groups of" cops, and which is adapted to be vibrated, oscillated, or rocked,-a carrier body with reference to which the cop carrier vibrates, oscillates, or rocks, and which contains or embodies diametrically opposite mouths of 0011- duits which are in exterior communication with suction or pressure pumps,a tank or frame -work ref'erably to which the carrier body and the conduits are fixed,-and means for vibrating, oscillating, or rocking the carrier,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In an apparatus of the class herein recited, in combination,-a cop carrier adapted to'be vibrated, oscillated, or rocked,andhaving oppositehollow wings the hollow interiors of which lead to Wing orifices and are perforated for the application of cops,-a carrier body containing or embodying oppositely disposed mouths of fixed conduits over which mouths the orifices of the wing are caused to alternately present as the carrier is caused to rock,-a tank or frame work referably to which the carrier body and conduits are fixed,-and means for rocking vibrating or oscillating the carrier,suhstantially as set forth.

5. In an apparatus of the class herein recited, in combination,-a cop carrier adapted to be vibrated, oscillated, or rocked, and having opposite hollow wings the hollow interiors of which lead to wing orifices and are perforated for the application of cops,-a fixed carrier body containing or embodying the oppositely disposed mouths of a charging conduit and a liquid-exhausting conduit over which mouths the wing orifices of the cop carrier are alternately and oppositely presented as the carrier is caused to oscillate,-a tank or frame-work rcferably to which the carrier body and conduits are fixed,-and means for vibrating oscillating or rocking the cop carrier, substantially as set forth.

6. In an apparatus of the class herein recited, in combination,a cop carrier adapted to be vibrated, oscillated, or rocked, and having opposite hollow wings the hollow interiors of which lead to wing orifices and are perforated for the application of cops,--a fixed carrier body containing or embodying the oppositely disposed mouths of a charging conduit and a liquid-exhausting conduit, and also the oppositely disposed mouths of air-exhausting conduits, over all of which months the wing orifices of the cop carrier are alternately and oppositely presented as the carrier is caused to oscillate,-a tank or frame-work referably to which the carrier body and conduits are fixed,and means for vibrating oscillating, or rocking the cop carrier,esubstantially as set forth.

7. In an apparatus of the class herein recited, in combination,-a cop carrier composed of a central disk-like portion and radial hollow wings or extensions provided with perforations, and in communication with wing orifices in said central portion,a fiat or disklike carrier body against which the carrier vibrates, which is as to its face in contact with the central portion of the cop carrier through which the wing orifices open, and which contains or embodies the oppositely disposed mouths of fixed conduits over which said wing orifices of the carrier are caused to alternately present as the carrier is caused to vibrate,-a tank or frame-work referably to which the carrier body and conduits are fixed,-,-and means for vibrating, oscillating, or rocking the carrier,substantially as set forth.

8. In a machine of the class above recited,

' V In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 18th day of August, A. D. 1887.

HOWARD RICHMOND.

In presence of- GILMAN E. J orr, G. RICHMOND PARSONS. 

